羊絨衫起球的原因分析及評定指標
羊(yang)絨(rong)衫以其非凡的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)格(ge)和(he)高雅的(de)(de)(de)氣質(zhi),深受廣大消費(fei)者的(de)(de)(de)喜愛,但(dan)羊(yang)絨(rong)衫起(qi)(qi)球(qiu)(qiu)問題普遍,嚴(yan)重困(kun)擾了消費(fei)者的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用。羊(yang)絨(rong)衫起(qi)(qi)球(qiu)(qiu)與羊(yang)絨(rong)纖維特點、面料結構和(he)消費(fei)者穿著(zhu)習(xi)慣都有關(guan)系。國(guo)家標準(zhun)規(gui)定,只(zhi)要(yao)羊(yang)絨(rong)衫起(qi)(qi)球(qiu)(qiu)等級不超過允許(xu)的(de)(de)(de)范圍就是(shi)合格(ge)產品,即(ji)使(shi)質(zhi)量最上乘的(de)(de)(de)羊(yang)絨(rong)衫,在(zai)剛(gang)開始穿著(zhu)時(shi)也會在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)適度的(de)(de)(de)范圍內有輕(qing)微的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)球(qiu)(qiu)現象。本文為您做詳(xiang)細分析。
一、羊絨衫起(qi)球的原(yuan)因
1)纖(xian)維(wei)紗線
羊絨(rong)(rong)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)的細度、長度、卷(juan)曲(qu)是(shi)重要的工藝特(te)征,羊絨(rong)(rong)與羊毛(mao)(mao)(mao)相(xiang)(xiang)比,首先是(shi)細度小、長度短、卷(juan)曲(qu)數少(shao),這樣纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)在(zai)紗中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)抱合力(li)小,外(wai)露(lu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)羽多,再加上纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)滑糯在(zai)外(wai)力(li)的作用下(xia)從(cong)(cong)織物中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)滑移(yi)而產(chan)生掉絨(rong)(rong)起(qi)球。其次(ci)是(shi)其纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)的縮(suo)(suo)絨(rong)(rong)性(xing)和磨(mo)擦系數均小,纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)間的磨(mo)擦阻力(li)減少(shao),但因(yin)羊絨(rong)(rong)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)的鱗(lin)片(pian)(pian)結構(gou),使得羊絨(rong)(rong)純紡(fang)或是(shi)與羊毛(mao)(mao)(mao)混紡(fang)的織物,羊絨(rong)(rong)易從(cong)(cong)織物中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)滑移(yi)出來,當纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)的集合體受到無定向(xiang)性(xing)外(wai)力(li)的作用,逆鱗(lin)片(pian)(pian)受力(li)的纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)容易不斷向(xiang)根(gen)部移(yi)運,產(chan)生掉絨(rong)(rong),由于鱗(lin)片(pian)(pian)之間的棘鎖和纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)體的彈性(xing),纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)相(xiang)(xiang)互交錯纏(chan)結起(qi)球,也引起(qi)了動物纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)所特(te)有的氈縮(suo)(suo)。
羊絨(rong)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)的導電(dian)能力(li)差,衣服在穿著時,纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)間互相磨擦(ca),造成電(dian)荷在纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)聚集,產生靜電(dian)現象,介電(dian)系數高的纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)帶(dai)正(zheng)電(dian)荷,反之帶(dai)負(fu)電(dian)荷。如(ru)化學纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)與羊絨(rong)磨擦(ca)時,化學纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)帶(dai)負(fu)電(dian)荷,羊絨(rong)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)帶(dai)正(zheng)電(dian)荷。不相同電(dian)荷的纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)之間相互吸(xi)引,易造成織物掉絨(rong)起球,當天氣干燥時這種現象尤為(wei)嚴重。
纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)的(de)卷曲波形愈(yu)多(duo),在(zai)加捻時,纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)越不容(rong)易(yi)(yi)伸展,在(zai)摩擦(ca)過程中(zhong)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)容(rong)易(yi)(yi)松動滑移,在(zai)紗(sha)線表(biao)面(mian)形成毛茸。為此,纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)卷曲性愈(yu)好(hao),愈(yu)易(yi)(yi)起(qi)(qi)球。纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)愈(yu)細(xi),顯露在(zai)紗(sha)線表(biao)面(mian)的(de)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)頭端就多(duo),纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)柔軟(ruan)性也愈(yu)好(hao),因(yin)此細(xi)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)比(bi)(bi)粗纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)易(yi)(yi)于(yu)糾纏起(qi)(qi)球。而(er)對于(yu)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)長(chang)度來講,較短纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)比(bi)(bi)長(chang)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)易(yi)(yi)于(yu)起(qi)(qi)毛起(qi)(qi)球,因(yin)游離纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)較多(duo),且短纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)之(zhi)間的(de)摩擦(ca)力及抱(bao)合力均較小,纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)易(yi)(yi)于(yu)滑到(dao)織物表(biao)面(mian),也就容(rong)易(yi)(yi)產生起(qi)(qi)球現象。
紗(sha)線(xian)(xian)(xian)的捻(nian)(nian)度(du)和表面光(guang)潔(jie)(jie)程度(du)對(dui)起(qi)球也有(you)較大影響(xiang)(xiang),捻(nian)(nian)度(du)高的紗(sha)線(xian)(xian)(xian),纖維(wei)間的抱合(he)緊密(mi),紗(sha)線(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)受到(dao)摩擦時,纖維(wei)從(cong)紗(sha)線(xian)(xian)(xian)內滑移相(xiang)對(dui)少(shao)(shao),起(qi)球現象減少(shao)(shao);由于(yu)羊絨衫是柔軟性織物,過(guo)高的捻(nian)(nian)度(du)會使織物發硬,因(yin)此不能靠提(ti)高捻(nian)(nian)度(du)來防止起(qi)球。紗(sha)線(xian)(xian)(xian)光(guang)潔(jie)(jie)度(du)的影響(xiang)(xiang),紗(sha)線(xian)(xian)(xian)越(yue)光(guang)潔(jie)(jie),表面毛(mao)茸則短而少(shao)(shao),所(suo)以光(guang)潔(jie)(jie)紗(sha)線(xian)(xian)(xian)不易起(qi)球。
2)織物組織結構
織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)組織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)疏松的織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)比(bi)(bi)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)緊(jin)密(mi)的織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)易(yi)起(qi)(qi)毛起(qi)(qi)球(qiu)(qiu),結(jie)構(gou)(gou)緊(jin)密(mi)的織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)與外界物(wu)(wu)體摩擦時,不(bu)易(yi)產生毛茸,已經(jing)存在的毛茸,又由于纖維之間的摩擦阻力較(jiao)大,而不(bu)易(yi)滑到織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)表(biao)面(mian)來,故可減輕起(qi)(qi)毛起(qi)(qi)球(qiu)(qiu)現象。高機號(hao)(hao)(hao)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)一般比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)緊(jin)密(mi),所以低機號(hao)(hao)(hao)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)比(bi)(bi)高機號(hao)(hao)(hao)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)易(yi)起(qi)(qi)毛起(qi)(qi)球(qiu)(qiu)。表(biao)面(mian)平整的織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)不(bu)易(yi)起(qi)(qi)毛起(qi)(qi)球(qiu)(qiu),表(biao)面(mian)凹凸不(bu)平的織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)易(yi)起(qi)(qi)毛起(qi)(qi)球(qiu)(qiu)。
3)染(ran)整工藝的影響
紗(sha)(sha)線或(huo)織(zhi)(zhi)物經(jing)染(ran)(ran)色及整(zheng)(zheng)理以(yi)(yi)后,對抗起(qi)球性(xing)將(jiang)產生較大(da)影響,這與染(ran)(ran)料、助(zhu)劑、染(ran)(ran)整(zheng)(zheng)工藝條(tiao)件有關,以(yi)(yi)絞紗(sha)(sha)染(ran)(ran)色的紗(sha)(sha)線比用散毛染(ran)(ran)色或(huo)毛條(tiao)染(ran)(ran)色的紗(sha)(sha)線易(yi)(yi)起(qi)球;以(yi)(yi)成衫染(ran)(ran)色的織(zhi)(zhi)物比紗(sha)(sha)線染(ran)(ran)色所(suo)織(zhi)(zhi)的織(zhi)(zhi)物易(yi)(yi)起(qi)球;織(zhi)(zhi)物經(jing)過定型,特別是經(jing)樹脂(zhi)整(zheng)(zheng)理后,其抗起(qi)毛起(qi)球性(xing)將(jiang)大(da)大(da)增強。
4)穿著(zhu)條(tiao)件的(de)影響(xiang)
起(qi)球(qiu)(qiu)現象需要從紡織品起(qi)球(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)機理說起(qi)。羊(yang)絨(rong)衫(shan)在穿著過程中(zhong)(zhong),由于外罩(zhao)(如外衣(yi))施加的(de)(de)(de)摩(mo)擦等作用,紗線中(zhong)(zhong)較短(duan)的(de)(de)(de)纖維的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)端滑移出來,在織物表(biao)面相互纏(chan)結(jie)成球(qiu)(qiu)。而(er)羊(yang)絨(rong)纖維比羊(yang)毛(mao)的(de)(de)(de)纖維細(xi)而(er)短(duan),加上一(yi)般(ban)的(de)(de)(de)羊(yang)絨(rong)衫(shan)為粗(cu)梳(shu)產品,羊(yang)絨(rong)紗中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)短(duan)纖維含(han)量較高(gao),更容易“呲”出來彼此(ci)纏(chan)結(jie)。
因此羊絨衫在內穿(chuan)(chuan)時(shi),與(yu)其(qi)配套的外衣里子(zi)最好(hao)是光滑的,不(bu)能(neng)太粗糙、堅硬,內袋勿裝(zhuang)硬物或插筆等,以(yi)(yi)免局部(bu)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)起球(qiu);在外穿(chuan)(chuan)時(shi),袖(xiu)子(zi)與(yu)桌(zhuo)面、袖(xiu)子(zi)與(yu)沙(sha)發扶手(shou)、背部(bu)與(yu)沙(sha)發等不(bu)要長(chang)(chang)時(shi)間(jian)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)。穿(chuan)(chuan)著(zhu)時(shi)間(jian)不(bu)宜太長(chang)(chang),要注意間(jian)歇、交替穿(chuan)(chuan)著(zhu),使其(qi)恢(hui)復彈力(li),以(yi)(yi)免纖維疲勞損(sun)傷。
羊絨衫出(chu)現起(qi)(qi)球(qiu)現象之(zhi)后(hou),切忌用手(shou)生拉硬扯,正(zheng)確的(de)方法是在洗滌后(hou)用剪(jian)刀將起(qi)(qi)的(de)絨球(qiu)輕輕地剪(jian)下,在經過幾(ji)次洗滌之(zhi)后(hou),隨著一些松(song)散(san)的(de)纖維脫(tuo)落,羊絨衫的(de)起(qi)(qi)球(qiu)現象是會逐漸消(xiao)失(shi)的(de)。
二、羊絨衫起球(qiu)的評定
羊(yang)絨衫的(de)(de)起球測(ce)定(ding)方法(fa)主要(yao)采(cai)取GB/T 4802.3—2008《織物起毛起球性能(neng)的(de)(de)測(ce)定(ding)第3部分起球箱法(fa)》。產(chan)品標準有FZ/T 73018—2012 《毛針織品》和FZ/T 73009—2009《羊(yang)絨針織品》,具體的(de)(de)評定(ding)等級見表(biao)
表1羊絨衫起球評(ping)定指標

注:低于(yu)二等品的為(wei)等外品。