羊絨衫起球的原因分析及評定指標
羊(yang)(yang)絨衫以其(qi)非凡(fan)的(de)風(feng)格和高雅的(de)氣質,深受廣大消(xiao)費(fei)者的(de)喜愛(ai),但(dan)羊(yang)(yang)絨衫起(qi)球(qiu)(qiu)問題(ti)普遍,嚴重困(kun)擾了消(xiao)費(fei)者的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)。羊(yang)(yang)絨衫起(qi)球(qiu)(qiu)與(yu)羊(yang)(yang)絨纖維(wei)特點、面料結構和消(xiao)費(fei)者穿著習慣都(dou)有關(guan)系。國家(jia)標準規定(ding),只(zhi)要羊(yang)(yang)絨衫起(qi)球(qiu)(qiu)等級(ji)不超過允許(xu)的(de)范(fan)圍就是合格產(chan)品,即使(shi)(shi)質量(liang)最上乘的(de)羊(yang)(yang)絨衫,在剛開始穿著時也(ye)會在的(de)適(shi)度的(de)范(fan)圍內有輕(qing)微的(de)起(qi)球(qiu)(qiu)現象。本文為您(nin)做詳細分(fen)析。
一、羊絨衫起(qi)球的(de)原因
1)纖維紗線
羊(yang)(yang)絨纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)細度(du)、長(chang)度(du)、卷曲(qu)是重要的(de)(de)工藝(yi)特征(zheng),羊(yang)(yang)絨與(yu)(yu)羊(yang)(yang)毛相比,首(shou)先是細度(du)小、長(chang)度(du)短、卷曲(qu)數少,這樣(yang)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)在紗中(zhong)(zhong)抱合(he)(he)力小,外(wai)露毛羽多,再(zai)加(jia)上纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)滑糯在外(wai)力的(de)(de)作用下從織物(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)滑移(yi)而產生掉絨起球(qiu)(qiu)。其次是其纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)縮(suo)絨性和磨(mo)擦(ca)(ca)系數均(jun)小,纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)間(jian)的(de)(de)磨(mo)擦(ca)(ca)阻力減少,但因羊(yang)(yang)絨纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)鱗片結構,使得羊(yang)(yang)絨純紡或是與(yu)(yu)羊(yang)(yang)毛混紡的(de)(de)織物(wu),羊(yang)(yang)絨易從織物(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)滑移(yi)出來,當纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)集合(he)(he)體(ti)受(shou)到(dao)無定(ding)向性外(wai)力的(de)(de)作用,逆(ni)鱗片受(shou)力的(de)(de)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)容易不斷(duan)向根部移(yi)運,產生掉絨,由于鱗片之間(jian)的(de)(de)棘鎖和纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)體(ti)的(de)(de)彈(dan)性,纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)相互交錯纏結起球(qiu)(qiu),也引起了動物(wu)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)所特有的(de)(de)氈(zhan)縮(suo)。
羊絨纖(xian)(xian)維的導電(dian)(dian)能(neng)力差,衣服在穿著時,纖(xian)(xian)維間互相磨(mo)擦(ca),造(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)在纖(xian)(xian)維聚集(ji),產生(sheng)靜電(dian)(dian)現(xian)象(xiang),介電(dian)(dian)系數(shu)高(gao)的纖(xian)(xian)維帶(dai)正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he),反之帶(dai)負電(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)。如化(hua)學纖(xian)(xian)維與(yu)羊絨磨(mo)擦(ca)時,化(hua)學纖(xian)(xian)維帶(dai)負電(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he),羊絨纖(xian)(xian)維帶(dai)正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)。不相同電(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)的纖(xian)(xian)維之間相互吸(xi)引,易造(zao)成(cheng)織物掉絨起球(qiu),當天氣干燥時這(zhe)種現(xian)象(xiang)尤為嚴重(zhong)。
纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)的卷曲波形(xing)愈(yu)多,在(zai)加(jia)捻時,纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)越不容易伸展,在(zai)摩擦過程(cheng)中纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)容易松動(dong)滑移(yi),在(zai)紗線表(biao)(biao)面形(xing)成毛茸。為此,纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)卷曲性愈(yu)好(hao),愈(yu)易起(qi)球。纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)愈(yu)細(xi),顯(xian)露在(zai)紗線表(biao)(biao)面的纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)頭端就多,纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)柔(rou)軟(ruan)性也(ye)(ye)愈(yu)好(hao),因(yin)此細(xi)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)比粗(cu)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)易于(yu)糾纏起(qi)球。而對于(yu)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)長度來講,較短纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)比長纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)易于(yu)起(qi)毛起(qi)球,因(yin)游離纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)較多,且短纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之間的摩擦力及(ji)抱合力均較小,纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)易于(yu)滑到織物表(biao)(biao)面,也(ye)(ye)就容易產(chan)生起(qi)球現象(xiang)。
紗(sha)線(xian)(xian)的捻度和表面光(guang)(guang)潔(jie)(jie)(jie)程度對起(qi)球(qiu)(qiu)也有較大影響(xiang),捻度高的紗(sha)線(xian)(xian),纖維間的抱合緊密(mi),紗(sha)線(xian)(xian)在(zai)受到摩擦時,纖維從紗(sha)線(xian)(xian)內滑移相對少(shao),起(qi)球(qiu)(qiu)現象(xiang)減少(shao);由于羊絨衫是柔軟性織物(wu),過高的捻度會使織物(wu)發硬,因此(ci)不(bu)(bu)能靠提高捻度來(lai)防止起(qi)球(qiu)(qiu)。紗(sha)線(xian)(xian)光(guang)(guang)潔(jie)(jie)(jie)度的影響(xiang),紗(sha)線(xian)(xian)越光(guang)(guang)潔(jie)(jie)(jie),表面毛茸則(ze)短而少(shao),所以(yi)光(guang)(guang)潔(jie)(jie)(jie)紗(sha)線(xian)(xian)不(bu)(bu)易起(qi)球(qiu)(qiu)。
2)織物組織結構
織(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)組織(zhi)(zhi)結(jie)(jie)構疏松的(de)織(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)比(bi)結(jie)(jie)構緊密(mi)(mi)的(de)織(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)易(yi)起(qi)(qi)毛起(qi)(qi)球(qiu),結(jie)(jie)構緊密(mi)(mi)的(de)織(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)與外界物(wu)(wu)體(ti)摩擦時,不(bu)易(yi)產生毛茸,已經存在的(de)毛茸,又由于(yu)纖維之間的(de)摩擦阻力較(jiao)大,而不(bu)易(yi)滑(hua)到織(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)表面(mian)來,故可減輕起(qi)(qi)毛起(qi)(qi)球(qiu)現象。高機號織(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)一般(ban)比(bi)較(jiao)緊密(mi)(mi),所以低機號織(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)比(bi)高機號織(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)易(yi)起(qi)(qi)毛起(qi)(qi)球(qiu)。表面(mian)平(ping)整的(de)織(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)不(bu)易(yi)起(qi)(qi)毛起(qi)(qi)球(qiu),表面(mian)凹(ao)凸不(bu)平(ping)的(de)織(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)易(yi)起(qi)(qi)毛起(qi)(qi)球(qiu)。
3)染(ran)整工藝的影響
紗(sha)(sha)線或織(zhi)物(wu)(wu)經染(ran)色(se)及整理以后(hou),對抗起(qi)球(qiu)性將產生較大(da)影響,這與染(ran)料、助劑(ji)、染(ran)整工藝條件有關(guan),以絞紗(sha)(sha)染(ran)色(se)的(de)(de)紗(sha)(sha)線比用散毛(mao)(mao)(mao)染(ran)色(se)或毛(mao)(mao)(mao)條染(ran)色(se)的(de)(de)紗(sha)(sha)線易(yi)起(qi)球(qiu);以成(cheng)衫染(ran)色(se)的(de)(de)織(zhi)物(wu)(wu)比紗(sha)(sha)線染(ran)色(se)所織(zhi)的(de)(de)織(zhi)物(wu)(wu)易(yi)起(qi)球(qiu);織(zhi)物(wu)(wu)經過定型,特別是經樹脂整理后(hou),其抗起(qi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)起(qi)球(qiu)性將大(da)大(da)增(zeng)強。
4)穿著條件的影(ying)響(xiang)
起(qi)球(qiu)現象(xiang)需要從紡織品(pin)起(qi)球(qiu)的機理說起(qi)。羊絨(rong)(rong)衫在(zai)穿(chuan)著(zhu)過(guo)程中(zhong),由于(yu)外罩(zhao)(如(ru)外衣)施加的摩擦等作用,紗線中(zhong)較(jiao)短(duan)的纖維的一(yi)端滑移出來,在(zai)織物表面相互(hu)纏(chan)結(jie)成球(qiu)。而(er)羊絨(rong)(rong)纖維比羊毛的纖維細而(er)短(duan),加上一(yi)般的羊絨(rong)(rong)衫為粗梳產品(pin),羊絨(rong)(rong)紗中(zhong)的短(duan)纖維含(han)量較(jiao)高,更容易“呲”出來彼此纏(chan)結(jie)。
因此羊絨衫(shan)在內(nei)穿時(shi),與其配套的(de)外衣里子(zi)最好是光滑的(de),不(bu)(bu)能太粗(cu)糙(cao)、堅(jian)硬,內(nei)袋勿裝硬物或插筆等(deng),以(yi)免局部摩擦(ca)起球(qiu);在外穿時(shi),袖(xiu)子(zi)與桌面、袖(xiu)子(zi)與沙發(fa)扶手、背部與沙發(fa)等(deng)不(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)長時(shi)間(jian)摩擦(ca)。穿著(zhu)時(shi)間(jian)不(bu)(bu)宜太長,要(yao)(yao)注意間(jian)歇、交替(ti)穿著(zhu),使其恢復彈力,以(yi)免纖維疲勞(lao)損(sun)傷。
羊絨衫出現(xian)起(qi)球現(xian)象之后(hou)(hou)(hou),切忌(ji)用(yong)手生拉硬扯,正確的(de)方法是在(zai)洗滌(di)(di)后(hou)(hou)(hou)用(yong)剪刀將起(qi)的(de)絨球輕輕地剪下,在(zai)經過幾次洗滌(di)(di)之后(hou)(hou)(hou),隨著一些松散的(de)纖(xian)維脫落,羊絨衫的(de)起(qi)球現(xian)象是會(hui)逐漸消失(shi)的(de)。
二、羊絨衫(shan)起球的評(ping)定(ding)
羊絨衫的(de)起(qi)(qi)球測定方法主要采取GB/T 4802.3—2008《織物起(qi)(qi)毛(mao)起(qi)(qi)球性能(neng)的(de)測定第3部分起(qi)(qi)球箱法》。產品(pin)標(biao)準(zhun)有FZ/T 73018—2012 《毛(mao)針織品(pin)》和FZ/T 73009—2009《羊絨針織品(pin)》,具體(ti)的(de)評(ping)定等(deng)級(ji)見(jian)表(biao)
表1羊絨衫(shan)起球評定指(zhi)標

注:低于(yu)二等品(pin)的為等外品(pin)。